April 29, 2011

Mr. Schick made a rap on Rome for out class today which was actually really good and funny.

Pictures to go with the rap:


Etruscans


Tiber River


Tarquin the Proud


Rome


Plebeians


Patricians


Roman Legion


Calvary


Hannibal


Latifundia


Gracchus


Caesar


Gaul


Rubicon


Ides of March


Brutus


Octavian


Lepidus


Cleopatra


Battle of Actium

April 28, 2011

Today in class it was my birthday! We took a really hard pop quiz and I think basically everyone did bad on it. Rome is actually really hard! And these readings are hard, I would rather have another project.

April 27, 2011

Consul- highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire
Veto- Latin for "I forbid."
Senate- branch of Rome's government (often had aristocrats)
Assembly- institutions in ancient Rome and they were the machinery of the legislative branch
Dictator- a ruler who assumes sole and absolute power but without hereditary ascension
Mercenaries- a person who takes role in armed conflict but they are not a national or a party in the conflict
SPQR- letters found on roman coins that mean Senatus Populusque Romanus and in english translates to the senate and the Roman people
Twelve tables- also known as Duodecim Tabulae and it is an ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman Law. It formed the center piece of the constitution of the Roman Republic and the core of the mos maiorum
Cincinnatus- an aristocrat and a political figure of the Roman Republic, serving as a consul in 460 BC and a dictator in 458 BC (patrician class)
Gauls- was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age and Roman Era, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland
Pyrrhus- general and statesmen of the Hellenistic Era, he was king of the Greek tribe Molossians and he later became king of Epirus
Carthage- major urban centre that existed for almost 3,000 years on the Gulf of Tunis, it developed from a Phonecian colony
Monarchy- a form of government in which all political power is passed down to an individual (in the family)
Aristocracy- a form of government in which the best qualified citizen rules
Democracy- a form of government that allows all citizens to have an equal say 




1a. Why were many plebeians dissatisfied with Rome's government in the early years of the republic?
In 509 B.C. the Romans kicked their king out and the patricians controlled Rome's government for a period of time. Therefore, the Plebeians did not have much freedom.


1b. How did they win reforms?
Many Plebeians refused to fight in the army unless the patricians came to an agreement with them (497 BC-287 BC)


1c.What changes did they bring in the Roman government?
Plebeians gained better laws, marriage between the two groups was allowed, and enslavement by debt was ended. They put these laws in the Twelve Tables (set of laws).


2. Why did Romans consider that they had a balanced goverment?
Their government was a little bit of each type of government: monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy. They felt that this helped them greatly


3.  Once Rome had conquered most of Italy, how did the Roman government win the support of the conquered people?
Different parts of the territory had different laws and treatments from the romans.


4a.  At the start of the Punic Wars, why might Carthage have appeared stronger power?
Carthage had a greater population which was 3 times the size of Rome's, they were also very wealthy and had a really strong navy


4b. Why was Rome in fact the victor?

Rome had more than 500,000 troops made available to them, Rome's citizen troops were generally more loyal 

and reliable than the mercenaries employed by Carthage, and warfare was Roman specialty. 

5. Why was the Battle of Zama a major turning point in history?

Rome was victorious, therefore they passed on Carthage's laws, its government, and its culture to Western Civilization. 

6a. Why did the Greeks first welcome Roman armies?

They appeared as protectors at first when they were marching into Macedonia

6b. Why did the Greek attitude change?

Romans interfered in the Greek politics, their power increased and some Greek city-states tried to get away from their rule. 

April 26, 2011

1. How did geography help Rome?

Geography helped Rome because they are located near the Mediterranean Sea which allows them to be able to trade with other countries and distribute water to their citizens. Rome also has mountains throughout their country which is helpful in keeping other countries army's out, but it can also cause problems when farming.

    2. Why was each of the following groups important to Rome's development?


A. Latins were important to the development of Rome because they made handspun clothing. Also, they were pretty quiet and reserved so they didn't disturb people and they kept with themselves.


B. The Greeks were important because they brought Italy/ all of Rome closer with Greece and the Greek Civilization.


C. The Etruscans were important because they were very civilized and had a writing system. Also, several of Rome's kings were Etruscans.


   3. What were the values of early Rome Society?
Early Romans were Polytheists. Polytheists had many different roles. The had to protect the household, grain supply, and various other jobs. The Polytheists believed in the gods for answers and they believed that if they slaughtered an animal and read the liver then it would interpret the will of the gods. They were very focused on being strong and loyal.


  4a. How was the Roman household organized?
The oldest man was in charge of the house, therefore he could make an decision he wanted that had to do with the family. For example if he wanted to he could sell anyone in the family, or kill any of them. He also decided what he could do with the land. Also, the woman would clean and cook and take care of the house, but she was well respected.


  4b. What freedom did the women have in their family and society?
Women were in charge of the daily running of the household. Women in Rome had more freedom then women in Athens and other countries around them. Woman could own their own property  but could not vote.


  5. How was the army linked to Roman society?
Every male citizen served in the army and they fought in a legion. Legions were separated in 60 groups and were more effect then the Phalanx because they were more 'flexible'.


Define:

1. republic-a state in which the supreme power rests in the body ofcitizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them
2. pater familias- was the head of a Roman family. The term is Latin for "father of the family" or the "owner of the family estate"
3. toga- loose outer garment worn by citizens in public, white
4. patrician- a person of noble or high rank; aristocrat
5. plebian- "of the common people"
6. legion- a division of the roman army usually comprising to 3000 to 6000 soldiers

Identify:

1. Italy- a country located in south central Europe, to the south it consists entirely of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, and Sardinia
2. Rome- the capital city of Italy and was founded by Romulus
3. Romulus- one of the twin brothers and he wanted to build a new city on the Palatine Hill
4. Palatine Hill- the centermost of the seven hills of rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city
5. Alps- one of the mountain ranges in Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland and in the west to Germany and France
6. Tiber River- the third longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains
7. Appennine Mountains- mountain ranging consisting parallel smaller chains extending along the length of the peninsular Italy.
8. Latins- the original Latins were an Italian tribe in habiting central and south-central Italy
9. Etruscans- modern english name given to a civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany (they had a unique language)
10. Forum- small and rectangular, surrounded by the ruins of an ancient government buildings at the center of Rome
11. Century- smallest unit of the roman army 4,000 people split into 40 centuries

Monday April 26, 2011

I was not in class today because I had a game but I have to work on the Rome questions from class yesterday.

Test Review

776 B.C.
Athenians attacked Sparta
Parthenon was finished
Olympics began

Army & Battles
Hoplites were Greek soldiers
Battle of Marathon was when the Persians attacked the Greeks and the Greeks won
Battle of Thermopile
Battle of Guagamela
Battle of Issus
Peloponessian War
Battle of Hidasspus which was against India

Peloponessian War
War started because Sparta was afraid that Greece would try to take over
Sparta won the war
Athens used the strategy that didn't work because they tried to build a wall around Athens but the Spartans attacked them from the sea
The first time people rose up against the rulers was in 508 B.C. when Isagoras was in charge

Sparta
Young boys were taken from their parents when they turned 7 years old
Their strength was the army/infantry

Homer
Blind poet who told the stories of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Odysseus was a war hero from the Trojan war and the Odyssey was about his journey home
The Iliad was about the Trojan War

Architecture
The 3 main types of columns are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Parthenon
Doric columns on the Parthenon
The Golden Age/ Age of Pericles was the period of time that the Parthenon was built in

Pericles
Wanted to make Athens the greatest city
Wanted to strengthen democracy
Died in the plague

Pottery
Pottery was used to store things such as wine, perfume, and oil
Pottery places were found in the red light district

Science&Math
Euclid invented geometry
Archimedes invented the pulley system

Philosophers
The 3 main philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Aristotle tutored Alexander
Plato was a student of Socrates and Aristotle was a student of Plato
Plato wrote the apology which was about Socrates Trial

Socrates Trial
Charged with disrespecting the gods and corrupting the youth
He was guilty and was put to death by poison
Famous statement was 'The unexamined life is not worth living."

April 15, 2011

Today we continued to watch Alexander in class.

1. Alexander won the battle and became king of Persia
2. Darius's people ended up killing him
3. Alexander had 10 cities named after himself
4. 150,00 marched past the Hindu Kush
5. While in India they Indians used elephants to fight and caught Alexander off guard
6. The Indian Army killed Busephelus and injured Alexander
7. 
   

April 14, 2011

Today in class we talked about and watched the movie Alexander. Alexander's dad was Philip II of Macedonia but his mom tried to tell Alexander that his real dad was Achilles. By the age of 20 Alexander was the king of Macedonia.

1. Alexander gets a horse named Bucephalus who is strong & stubborn
2. Alexander's mom Olympias didn't get along with her husband Philip
3. Philip had many mistresses which made Olympias mad
4. At The Battle of Guagamela Alexander wanted revenge 
5. 40,000 vs. 250,000
6. Alexander wants to kill Darius at the battle
7. Alexander used the Phalanx formation
8. Alexander couldn't get Philip at the battle because he had to stay with his army

April 13, 2011

Today in class Katie presented on Greek Philosophers. Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates were very famous. Socrates lived in the Golden Age. Socrates wanted people to always improve themselves. Plato was a student of Socrates and Aristotle was a student of Plato.

Katie: A

1. What period of time did Socrates live in?
2.  What was Plato's cave theory?
3. Who was the greatest Greek scientist and what did he study?

Monday April 11, 2011

Emma did the Olympics and there were events such as boxing, equestrian events, pankration, pentathlon, running, and wrestling. Jeffy went next and he did Ancient Greek Architecture. The Acropolis and the Parthenon were structures. Greek houses were made out of mud bricks or mud and straw. The Cole brought in cake and he did The Peloponessian War.



Emma: B

1. Could women compete?
2. What did the pentathlon consist of?
3. When did the Olympics start?

Jeffy: A

1. What were the house made out of?
2. What were some famous Ancient Greek Structures?
3. What did columns do for buildings?

Cole: A

1. What was the main cause of the war?
2. Who did Athens end their alliance with?
3. What part was the Archidamian War?

April 8, 2011

Taylor presented today and she did her project on Homer. She didn't do a PowerPoint, she found a shortened version of one of Homer's stories, The Odyssey. Odysseus even blinded a cyclops, and then he had an affair with a witch goddess who put a spell on him, his wifes name was Penelope. They had a son together named Telemachus. Then Billy presented and he did the Hellenic Age. Alexander mixed Greek and non-Greeks together to make babies. The Hellenistic Age started when Alexander died and lasted for 200 years. Then Sara went and she did The Parthenon. The Parthenon was dedicated to the goddess, Athena. It is located in Athens and is still there today. It was built on the Acropolis, the highest hill in the city. Some of the Parthenon is destroyed because of an explosion that occurred when they were fighting the Venetians. Pericles was the one who decided to build the Parthenon. Then Clark went and he did Advances in Math and Science. Euclid and Pythagoras made breakthroughs in math by coming up with basic rules and theorems. Archimedes discovered facts about volume, and levers and pullies. Plato taught people about the world being constructed with geometric simplicity. Plato also taught people about the stars and the planets. Catherine did hers on pottery. Pottery was made fro everyday use, and they were made out of clay and then placed it in a fire. When people went different places they introduced new pottery. During the Dark Age pottery was not made very often because economic times were so bad. Gracie did hers on poetry and she explained how it was used to explain historical events and rules. People sometimes played the Lyre which is close to a guitar. One type of poem was an epic and that is a longer piece of literature like The Odyssey. Then Cristy went and she did The Trial of Socrates. The trial took place in Athens in 399 BC. The people turned to Socrates for help because he was very critical. He was arrested because he refused to acknowledge the gods and he introduced new divinities. He was later executed and found guilty.

Taylor: B+

1. Did Odysseus's wife remain truthful to him? (not cheat on him)
2. What mountain was Odysseus stuck on?
3. Who found Odysseus sailing home?

Billy: B or C

1. When did the Hellenistic Age start?
2. How long did it last and when did it end?
3. What did Alexander do that was a big deal?

Sara: B+

1. Who was The Parthenon dedicated to?
2. Who built The Parthenon?
3. Where is it located?

Clark: A

1. What did Euclid and Pythagoras make breakthroughs in?
2. What did Plato teach?
3. What did Archimedes discover?

Catherine: A 

1. What did they make their pots out of?
2. After molding it where did it go?
3. What was the time called when the economy crashed?

Gracie: A

1. Why was poetry used?
2. What did people play during poetry?
3. What is an example of an epic?

Cristy: A

1. Why was Socrates arrested?
2. What made the people turn towards Socrates?
3. Was Socrates guilty? If so, did he die?

April 7, 2011

Alyssa did her project on Ancient Greek Army, she explained how they wore alot of heavy and expensive armor. They also fought in a special formation, the soldiers were called Hoplites.  Most of the people fought with 8 foot long spears or swords. They walked in a Phalanx formation which was in a square formation that worked out really well instead of chaos. The Battle of Issus was between Macedonia and the Persian Empire and it took place in 333 B.C. and Alexander won the battle and from there took Egypt. I give Alyssa an A, I give Kamau a B, and I give Fiona an A. Caitlin had Ancient Greek Drama which included alot of dancing, singing, and acting. They had the prolouge, a speech, and the final acts. Only men were allowed to participate in plays and Thespis was the first poet to ever use actors. I also give Caitlin an A.

Alyssa:

1. What formation did they fight in?
2. What was their armor made out of?
3. How many wives did Alexander have?

Caitlin:

1. What were the 3 parts of the play?
2. Could women participate in the plays?
3. Who was the first poet to use actors?

April 6, 2011

Today in class Kamau and Fiona presented their projects. Kamau did his on Sparta and he explained how important their army was to them, without a strong army their city state would have been nothing. At the age of 7 boys were taken away from their families against their will and sent to go train to be in the army. They were very strict and had to work out alot so they could become physically and mentally strong. Also, the woman in Sparta were treated very well compared to the women in Athens. They had alot more freedom and privledges. Fiona did her project on The Peloponessian War. She talked about the battles and it was between Athens and Sparta. At the end of her powerpoint she played a video on YouTube of a guy that made a song on The Peloponessian War which was actually pretty good.

Kamau:

1. Did the spartan girls have rough lives when they were younger like the boys did?
2. What did they eat?
3. Did they ever kill them during training?

Fiona:

1. Where did the Peloponessian War start?
2. How many battles were there?
3. What leaders fought in the first Battle of the Peloponessian War?

April 4, 2011

Today I was not in class because I had to leave early for a lacrosse game. We ended up winning 12- 1 against Maryvale. I finished my project on the first day of spring break and now I don't even have this class until Wednesday!